Life Events Inc - Blog by Life Events Content Team

Postpartum Health Warning Signs: Listening to Your Body's Signals

Thu, 26 Sep 2024 02:53:33 -0400

Welcoming a baby is an exciting and life-changing event filled with a whirlwind of emotions. And your personal experience is unique, just like you! After delivery, new mothers can experience a range of health issues known as postpartum complications. These can range from mild discomforts to severe, life-threatening conditions. Please pay attention to your body and how you are feeling.

The first few weeks after childbirth are just as significant for your health as your baby's! While most people experience a smooth transition, being aware of potential issues is essential. Being informed about possible postpartum complications doesn't mean you should expect problems. Instead, it helps you recognize warning signs early and seek help when needed. Most postpartum complications are preventable or highly treatable when caught early. This guide gives you important information on staying safe and healthy and caring for yourself while your body is healing.

Understanding the Postpartum Period

The postpartum period, often called the "fourth trimester," begins immediately after childbirth and lasts about six weeks. During this time, your body experiences significant changes as it recovers from pregnancy and birth.

Physically, you can expect:

uterine contractions as your uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size
vaginal bleeding (lochia) that gradually decreases
tenderness in the perineal area or near any incisions or repairs
breast changes, including engorgement as your milk comes in
general discomfort

Emotionally, it's normal to experience:

mood swings, often called the "baby blues"
feelings of being overwhelmed or anxious
tiredness or exhaustion from lack of sleep
adjustments to new routines and responsibilities

These changes are normal parts of the postpartum experience. However, it's important to be aware of signs that might indicate a more serious issue.

Common Postpartum Complications

Complications typically happen within the first six weeks after childbirth but can extend up to a year postpartum. They can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Some potential causes are:

physical changes the body goes through
underlying health conditions
the birthing process itself

Two important things to remember are:

what signs to look out for and
when to seek help.

Print or screen capture this Postpartum Warning Signs poster. Keep it close for easy reference. If you notice any symptoms, act fast and contact your provider. Always trust your instincts if something doesn't feel right!

If you want to learn more about specific complications, keep reading. We'll explain 7 complications you should know about.

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is excessive bleeding after childbirth. It affects about 1-5% of women and is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide. It can occur within 24 hours of delivery (primary postpartum hemorrhage) or up to 12 weeks after delivery (secondary postpartum hemorrhage). Causes include uterine atony (when the uterus doesn't contract enough after childbirth), retained placenta, and severe tears.

Risk factors include:

prolonged labor
multiple pregnancies
large baby
previous PPH

Signs and symptoms:

soaking more than one sanitary pad per hour
large blood clots (the size of an egg or larger)
drop in blood pressure, causing dizziness or fainting
rapid heartbeat

If you have heavy bleeding, especially accompanied by dizziness or a rapid heartbeat, seek immediate medical attention. Postpartum hemorrhage can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Infections and Sepsis

After giving birth, infections can happen in different places like the uterus, cesarean incision, or episiotomy site. Mastitis, a breast tissue infection, is also common, especially in those breastfeeding. Around 5-7% of women get postpartum infections within six weeks of delivery. Infections can be mild or severe, requiring prompt treatment and antibiotics.

Potential signs of infection to watch for include:

fever over 100.4°F (38°C)
severe abdominal pain
foul-smelling vaginal discharge
redness, swelling, or discharge from incision sites
breast pain, redness, or flu-like symptoms (mastitis)

To prevent infections:

practice good hygiene, especially hand washing
keep incision sites clean and dry
empty your bladder and change sanitary pads regularly
wear breathable, cotton underwear
complete full courses of prescribed antibiotics
attend all postpartum check-ups

What is Sepsis?

Any infection can turn into sepsis. Postpartum sepsis is a severe infection that spreads throughout the body, causing widespread inflammation and potentially organ failure. It often starts from an infection in the uterus, urinary tract, or a wound site. Sepsis affects around 2–10 per 10,000 deliveries. It's also one of the top 5 causes of maternal death worldwide, accounting for about 10-15% of deaths during the postpartum period.

Postpartum sepsis is a medical emergency that can quickly turn into septic shock if not treated right away. If you suspect an infection, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Most postpartum infections respond well to antibiotics when caught early.

Sepsis warning signs to watch for:

fever over 100.4°F (38°C)
chills and sweats
rapid heart rate
rapid breathing
extreme pain or discomfort
confusion or disorientation
clammy or sweaty skin

Postpartum Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia usually happens during pregnancy, affecting about 5–8% of pregnancies. Postpartum preeclampsia, which develops after delivery, is less common but still important. The condition usually occurs within 48 hours of delivery but can happen up to six weeks after. It is characterized by high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after childbirth.

Symptoms include:

severe headaches
changes in vision, like blurriness or seeing spots
upper abdominal pain
swelling in the face or hands
high blood pressure

Risk factors include having preeclampsia during pregnancy, but it can also occur in women with no prior history. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any symptoms, especially a severe headache or vision changes. Postpartum preeclampsia can lead to seizures or other serious problems if left untreated.

Blood Clots

Pregnancy and the postpartum period increase the risk of blood clots, particularly in the lower leg (deep vein thrombosis or DVT). However, it can also occur in the thigh, pelvis, or arms. DVT affects about 1 in 1,000 pregnant women.

Risk factors include:

cesarean delivery
obesity
prolonged bed rest
personal or family history of blood clots

Symptoms to watch for:

swelling in one leg or arm
pain or tenderness in the affected area
skin that is warm to the touch, hard, red, or discolored
chest pain and difficulty breathing if the clot travels to the lungs (pulmonary embolism)

To reduce your risk:

move around frequently, even if you're on bed rest
stay hydrated
wear compression stockings if recommended by your doctor
avoid crossing your legs, sitting, or lying down for long periods (except while sleeping).

If you suspect a blood clot, seek medical attention immediately. DVT can lead to a pulmonary embolism, a potentially life-threatening condition if a clot travels to the lungs.

Mental Health Issues

Postpartum mental health concerns are common and can range from mild "baby blues" to more severe conditions like postpartum depression (PPD) or Anxiety. Baby blues is characterized by mood swings, tearfulness, and feeling overwhelmed. It affects up to 80% of new mothers and typically resolves within two weeks.

Postpartum depression affects about 1 in 7 new mothers and can occur anytime in the first year after childbirth. Depression can affect partners, too!

Symptoms include:

persistent sadness or emptiness
loss of interest in activities you used to enjoy
difficulty bonding with your baby
changes in sleep or appetite
thoughts of harming yourself or your baby

Any symptoms beyond the blues are a reason to talk to your provider about how you feel! To learn more about caring for your mental health and what symptoms to be on the lookout for, visit our blog post: From Surviving to Thriving: Nurturing Mental Health After Giving Birth.

Breast-related Complications

Breastfeeding parents may experience several breast-related issues:

Engorgement: When milk comes in, your breasts may become overly full, hard, and painful. Nursing or pumping frequently to meet the baby's nutritional needs (without over-pumping) can help your body regulate milk supply and keep you more comfortable until engorgement subsides.
Blocked ducts: These can cause a painful lump in the breast. To prevent overstimulation of the affected breast, offer the breast without the plug first. Avoid deep massage. After expressing, lightly sweep the breast tissue (like petting a cat) from the nipple toward the armpit and collarbone. Apply cold compresses after feeding to relieve pain and swelling.
Mastitis: This painful breast infection causes flu-like symptoms and a red, tender area on the breast. It requires prompt treatment with antibiotics.

To prevent breast complications:

Ensure proper latch and positioning during breastfeeding.
Nurse or pump regularly to meet your baby's nutritional needs. However, wait until your milk supply is well-established before pumping and storing extra milk for future use.
Wear a supportive, well-fitting bra.

Pelvic Floor Disorders

Childbirth can weaken the pelvic floor muscles, leading to issues like urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse. While some degree of incontinence is common immediately after delivery, persistent problems need to be addressed.

Symptoms of pelvic floor disorders include:

leaking urine when coughing, sneezing, or exercising
difficulty controlling bowel movements
a feeling of heaviness or pressure in the vagina

Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) can help strengthen these muscles. If you're experiencing persistent symptoms, talk to your healthcare provider about pelvic floor physical therapy or other treatment options.

When to Seek Medical Help

Some discomfort is expected during postpartum recovery. However, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Remember to attend all scheduled postpartum check-ups, even if you feel well. These visits are essential for monitoring your recovery and addressing any concerns. And, as always, trust your instincts—you know your body best! Please get in touch with your provider if you're unsure about any symptoms you're experiencing.

Caring for yourself is essential to caring for your baby!

Resources for New Parents

Your healthcare provider is there to help and guide you. Please don't hesitate to contact them with questions about your health. They can direct you to resources available in your community.
Postpartum Support International (www.postpartum.net)
La Leche League for breastfeeding support (www.llli.org)
Join a local new parent support group. These can often be found by contacting your local hospital or community center.
Connect with an online support community: search your preferred social media channel and join a few support groups that match your interest.
Trusted online resources like the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (www.acog.org) or the American Academy of Pediatrics (healthychildren.org).

Identify Postpartum Complications Early with Our SOS Flyer

Our easy-to-read Postpartum SOS: Spot the Signs and Seek Help flyer helps you recognize potential complications early on. Whether you're a healthcare professional sharing this vital resource or a new parent taking charge of your health, this flyer is an essential, life-saving tool. Access with a code or find it on our Etsy shop.

Redemption Code

Buy it on Etsy

Final Thoughts

Most women have uncomplicated recoveries—however, being aware of potential complications is important! You matter, and so does your health! Learning what's normal and what's not, allows you to recognize warning signs and seek help quickly, ensuring the best possible start for you and your baby.

Don't hesitate to contact your healthcare provider with any concerns, no matter how small they may seem. Taking care of yourself is vital to caring for your new baby. We send our warmest wishes for a healthy postpartum recovery!

#PostpartumComplications #PostpartumRecovery #FourthTrimester #MomLife #PelvicFloorHealth #PostpartumHemorrhage #KnowThePostpartumWarningSigns #RecoveryAfterDelivery #LifeEventsInc

Sources

Baby News: Caring for Yourself and Your Newborn. Life Events, Inc., Bradenton, FL, 2024.

Boushra, Marina, and Omar Rahman. “Postpartum Infection.” In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2024. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560804/.

“Preeclampsia - FAQs.” Preeclampsia Foundation - Saving mothers and babies from preeclampsia. Accessed September 20, 2024. https://www.preeclampsia.org/faqs.

Preparing for Labor and Childbirth. Life Events, Inc., Bradenton, FL, 2024.

Yokoe, Deborah S., Cindy L. Christiansen, Ruth Johnson, Kenneth Sands, James Livingston, Ernest S. Shtatland, and Richard Platt. “Epidemiology of and Surveillance for Postpartum Infections.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 7, no. 5 (October 2001): 837–41. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0705.010511.

A Guide to eBooks, eBook Readers, and DRM

Thu, 12 Sep 2024 14:38:37 -0400

As the world changes, so do our ways of absorbing information. Thanks to technology, written words are no longer bound to physical pages. They've migrated to the digital world, especially into ebooks. With this shift, figuring out the realm of ebooks can be like finding your way through a forest. This includes understanding the different kinds of eBooks, what eBook e-readers do, and dealing with DRM (Digital Rights Management). We'll try to simplify these nitty-gritty details and share some tips. This way, you can get more out of your eBooks and thoroughly enjoy your reading experiences.

The History of eBooks and Their Growth

The concept of eBooks has been around longer than you may think! The first mention of a portable reading device was made in the 1930’s in Bob Brown’s manifesto, where he stated reading should find a new medium, “A simple reading machine which I can carry or move around, attach to any old electric light plug and read hundred-thousand-word novels in 10 minutes if I want to, and I want to.”^[5] That’s also around the same time paperback books debuted. Though it sounds a little like our modern day e-readers, it was not until the late 1990s that a device specifically for reading digital books was introduced. It was followed by the well-known Amazon Kindle eBook launch in 2007. In 2010, Apple released the iPad, iBooks, and its iBookstore on iTunes, selling half a million eBooks in less than a month.^[4] Google's eBookstore also launched, and Amazon reported that, for the first time, eBook sales surpassed hardcover book sales. The rise of eBooks is no joke! Fast forward a decade, and Statista reported that 191 million eBooks were sold in 2020 in the United States alone.^[5] Though print books remain a popular reading format, there's been an uptick in the number of Americans who report reading eBooks, which has increased from 25% to 30% in recent years. In ages 19–29, popular ages for those starting families, the percentage of those reading eBooks is already 42%, according to research published in 2022.^[6] The bottom line for anyone providing education services is to ensure you offer eBooks to meet this population's learning preferences!

A Definition of eBooks

So, what exactly are eBooks? The word "eBook" is short for "electronic book." Think of these as the tech-savvy cousins of printed books that can be read on a computer, e-reader, tablet, or other electronic devices. EBooks are designed to mimic the look and feel of traditional printed books but with the convenience and portability of a digital format. It's reading but with a digital twist—lots of handy new tools and no heavy books to lug around—just a whole library in the palm of your hand.

But are all eBooks built the same? No, they're not! Read on to find out about the different types of eBooks.

Understanding the Types of eBooks

In eBooks, the pages are virtual, but the knowledge and entertainment are unlimited. Did you know there are different types of eBooks? In this section, we'll look at some essential facts you'll want to know before clicking the "buy now" button.

EBooks come in various formats, each with its own features and compatibility. They often include interactive elements like hyperlinks, multimedia content, and search. Plus, some formats can adjust the screen color, font size, and style, making them customizable to the reader's preferences. These formats differ in compatibility with devices and e-readers and their capabilities for reflowable content and fixed layout. Common types of eBooks include:

EPub (reflowable)

This is the most widely supported and user-friendly eBook format, compatible with most e-readers and devices, except Amazon Kindle. EPub files have the extension .epub. This type of eBook allows for reflowable content, meaning the user can control their reading experience. Some typical user features include:

choosing light, sepia, or dark backgrounds
choosing the font type, size, and spacing
changing the formatting to increase line spacing, justification, and white space around the edges
setting the screen to use swipe or scroll
read-aloud functions on a desktop computer for better accessibility
setting bookmarks, highlighting, and notes

The features depend on both the content provided by the publisher in the eBook and the capabilities of the e-reading platform you're using. It's worth noting that even if you have two books from different publishers on the same platform, they might offer different attributes and functionalities.

EPub (Fixed-layout)

This eBook format is similar to a PDF, but it is a true eBook that uses the EPUB format. It is ideal for books with lots of images, graphs, or charts. This format allows for precise placement of text, images, and other visual elements. However, like a PDF, its fixed layout remains consistent across different devices, making this format better suited for tablets and computers.

PDF

PDF (Portable Document Format) is a widely used format for eBooks, especially for graphic-heavy content like illustrated books, comic books, and textbooks. Unlike EPUB, PDFs have a fixed layout, so the text and images don't adjust to fit the screen. The extension for PDF files is .pdf. Have you ever opened and viewed a PDF on your phone? Reading them on a small device with pinching and zooming is certainly possible. However, this format is better suited for larger screens like tablets or computers.

MOBI

MOBI is Amazon's proprietary format, primarily used for Kindle devices and the Kindle marketplace. It's not as common as EPUB, but it's essential for Kindle users. The extension for MOBI files is .mobi.

AZW/AZW3

AZW is another proprietary format Amazon uses for Kindle devices. AZW3 is an updated version of AZW, offering more features and flexibility. These files have the extensions .azw and .azw3, respectively.

IBA

IBA is a format used for Apple's iBooks. It's not as common as EPUB or PDF, but it's essential for Apple users. The extension for IBA files is .iba.

Types of eBook Readers

It's really quite simple to access and read eBooks. Different dedicated e-reader devices, such as Amazon Kindle, Kobo, and Nook, are available on the market. Each offers a range of features, such as non-reflective electronic ink displays, long battery life, and a distraction-free reading experience. However, you actually don't need any specific technology or device. Using various reading apps, eBooks can be read on multi-purpose devices like tablets, smartphones, laptops, and desktop computers.

The most important tip for you to know is that not all books work for all readers. Often, eBooks are only available at certain retailers or directly from the publisher. So unless you're into the newest gadgets, starting with a device you already own and know how to use will provide the most flexibility and convenience.[7]

What is DRM?

DRM stands for Digital Rights Management. It is a method publishers and authors use to protect the rights of the copyright holder. The copyright owner may be the publisher, the author, or someone else. When you purchase a book, you are granted a limited license to view and read the book.

DRM uses various methods such as encryption, access control, and licensing agreements to restrict the ability to copy, print, or share the content. This is done to protect the copyright of the content and prevent unauthorized distribution. While DRM can help protect the rights of content creators, it can also limit the flexibility of how consumers can use the content they have purchased. This is one reason why some books you buy must be viewed or read with specific apps or devices.

Enjoy a 30% eBook Discount on Us

Coupon Code: SAVE30-Ebooks

As a token of appreciation for your interest in digital health education, we're offering you a special discount on your first eBook on Life Events' Glassboxx e-reading app. This discount code is an excellent opportunity to experience our eBooks' convenience and interactive learning features. Join us in embracing the future of learning and taking the next step in your digital health education journey.

Are you ready to purchase a library package for your clients? Contact us at orders@lifeeventsinc.com and mention this blog for a special discount on your first purchase.

Final Thoughts

E-books provide immense value to busy new parents and healthcare professionals seeking to offer enhanced access to quality information. For new parents, e-books offer the convenience of instantly opening a digital book to read a chapter during late-night feedings or quickly locating a useful tip. There's no need to search for a physical book or sift through numerous pages to find a specific topic—just a handy device with your entire library at your fingertips! For healthcare professionals, providing e-books to clients is an excellent way to deliver reliable, up-to-date information that has been thoroughly vetted and is trustworthy. It's all about ensuring that valuable knowledge is readily accessible, allowing people to learn at their own pace and to continue accessing it as a resource for their growing family. Whether you're establishing your own digital book library or contemplating how to offer better educational resources to clients, e-books unquestionably make learning more manageable and informative.

Life Events remains your trusted partner as technology advances the opportunities for learning and sharing information in new ways. Our commitment to innovation and a transformative approach to health education sets us apart. Learn more about Life Events' library of maternity print books, eBooks, and apps on our solutions page, or get in touch if you're interested in custom-branded eBook library solutions. Experience the difference with Life Events, where innovation meets education, and where the future of health information is not just digital but also incredibly accessible and enriching.

Sources

[1] Sung, Chiu-Kuei, Chien-Lin Kuo, and Jen-Tse Kuan. “The Effects of Interactive eBooks on Dyspnea Assessment and Management among Emergency Medical Technicians: A Repeated-Measures Analysis.” Healthcare 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101932.

[2] Hanover Research. (2016, October). McGraw-Hill Education 2016 Digital Study Trends Survey. Retrieved from https://www.infodocket.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/2016-Digital-Trends-Survey-Results1.pdf.

[3] Commercial Waste. “E-Readers vs Books: Which Are Better for the Environment? ♻CW,” May 31, 2022. https://commercialwaste.trade/e-readers-vs-books-better-environment/.

[4] “Ebook.” In Wikipedia, December 28, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ebook&oldid=1192230393.

[5] Statista. “E-Book Unit Sales in the U.S. 2020.” Accessed January 1, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/426799/e-book-unit-sales-usa/.

[6] Faverio, Michelle, and Andrew Perrin. “Three-in-Ten Americans Now Read e-Books.” Pew Research Center (blog). Accessed January 1, 2024. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/06/three-in-ten-americans-now-read-e-books/.

[7] University of Johannesburg. “UJ the University of Johannesburg Gauteng South Africa.” Accessed January 1, 2024. https://uj.ac.za.libguides.com/UJeBooks/formats.

The Future of Learning: How eBooks Help to Deliver Better Health Information

Mon, 15 Apr 2024 00:17:14 -0400

The future of health information is getting a digital makeover, and it's not just about robots and fancy gadgets. We're talking about the rise of digital health technologies—the ones that make life easier without you even realizing it. From wearable devices that monitor our health to telehealth services that bring healthcare to our homes, everything is changing. And now, eBooks are stepping into the spotlight, making reliable health information more readily available and easier to understand. Whether you want to understand eBook basics for yourself or implement an e-reading platform for your clients, this guide will prepare you for the next steps.

What’s an eBook?

An eBook (or electronic book) is a digital version of a book that a person can read on various electronic devices such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. They can be purchased and accessed on retail platforms like Kindle or custom library readers like Glassboxx. The primary features of an eBook include:

It is a non-editable digital file that contains text, images, links, and other interactive elements.
Some eBooks (like EPUB) are reflowable, which means layout and formatting automatically adjust to the screen size of the device used.
Reflowable EPUBs are accessible—allowing readers to increase the font size, adjust the screen color, and utilize text-to-speech technology to aid those with reading disabilities.
EBooks provide advantages such as portability, instant access, searchability, and the capability to add notes and highlights.
Always up-to-date—Continually provide accurate and updated information to your clients without having to distribute outdated printed books before ordering new stock.
A big win—no storage! EBooks are virtual, so there’s no need to store boxes of books. Plus, they occupy very little space on the user’s device. They can be kept and referred to for years to come.

From Paper to Pixels: 8 Reasons to Switch to eBooks

The rise of eBooks has changed how people access and consume written content. They provide a feature-rich and portable alternative to physical books. They're not just for stories—patient education, how-to, research papers, and more come to life in eBook form.

EBooks play a growing role in empowering families to make well-informed healthcare decisions. These versatile formats provide many benefits, from delivering up-to-date health information to supporting learning for the general public and healthcare professionals alike. Here's an overview of their impact:

More User-friendly

Picture this—you're about to welcome a new member into your family, and the last thing you have time for is flipping through a heavy, traditional book of text. Or you're searching the internet for information on a common ailment, hoping what you find will help you care for your condition—but there's so much inaccurate information out there! EBooks can give you access to the latest, most relevant information, whether at home, the doctor's office, or even during those late-night baby feeding sessions. Many tools, like "search," can help the reader quickly discover the tips they want to know and have confidence that it’s trustworthy information.

Interactive Learning

Now, let's talk about making learning fun. eBooks are different from your typical, boring reads. They can be packed with interactive elements that cater to adult learners, making the whole self-help and preparation journey more engaging and enjoyable. These tools are particularly relevant where complex concepts can include illustrations, interactive tools, definitions, and links to other resources.

Understanding What You Read

Research has shown that digital reading isn't just a fancy trend—it actually helps adults understand better. Imagine grasping all the ins and outs of baby care and self-recovery care in a way that sticks. Thanks to the interactive and engaging features of digital reading materials, you can![1]

Remembering What You Read

According to a study, 97% of students found eTextbooks and digital reading helpful in retaining knowledge.^[2] Retention is particularly relevant where understanding and following self-care instructions is critical. Tools like bookmarks, highlights, and notes make it easy to refer to important information when the reader needs a refresher.

Good for the Planet

Here's a bonus—by opting for digital reading, you're also doing your part for the environment. EBooks reduce paper use, save trees, reduce waste, and reduce the carbon footprint. No need to clutter your space with stacks of paper—it's a win-win for you and the planet.[3]

A Better Value for Your Money

Switching to eBooks can lead to cost savings compared to traditional printing. While there are some expenses associated with hosting eBooks online, the overall value is better due to the elimination of costs related to printing, storing, and shipping physical books.

Real-time Updates

Ebooks are fantastic because they can be kept up to date with the latest information. This flexibility is essential in fast-changing fields where having the most up-to-date content is essential.

Reach People Worldwide

EBooks open up a world of learning for people around the globe, bringing us closer and helping us learn together. It's like having a unique key to a global library where you can explore, discover, and grow. With eBooks, you can carry an entire library with you and read something new anytime, anywhere.

Creating an eBook Library for Your Clients

Can you see the fantastic benefits that eBooks have over printed books? There's a lot to unpack and discover for yourself there. Let's discuss setting up an eBook library. You can go out to numerous platforms, search through thousands of books, look at the book's rating, read the reviews, and decide whether or not a book is worth purchasing. Then, buy a book on the topic you wish and read it on the platform you’ve purchased it from. Ready for another topic? You’ll need to start the entire process all over again. That's a lot of work! And, after completing all that due diligence, there's still no guarantee that the book's content is up-to-date or accurate.

What if you could curate a specialized content library for your clients to provide them with evidence-based content on a specific genre, all accessible in one library? And, make the access unlimited—forever? By offering digital resources, you can save time, better prepare your clients, and establish greater trust with them.

What if I told you all of that is possible right now? It is—and it can be really easy. That's precisely what an eBook library can do. An eBook library is a collection of books, all in one place, on one platform. When a user accesses their digital library, there are multiple books already preselected for them to read.

You can certainly create your custom library from scratch (write, publish, and repeat), and we'll have an article about that for you coming up soon. There are services available designed to take on all the work and remove the headaches from the process. These services can save you several months or even a year or two of development time, enabling you to launch and provide high-quality content for your clients promptly. If you're interested in seeing what that looks like, check out the Life Events Inc. e-bookstore. They have an eBook library specific to maternity topics, from which readers can choose from an assortment of books. It will give you a great idea of what is possible and get you excited about eBooks.

Enjoy a 30% eBook Discount on Us

Coupon Code: SAVE30-Ebooks

Are you ready to purchase a library package for your clients? Contact us at orders@lifeeventsinc.com and mention this blog for a special discount on your first purchase.

Final Thoughts

Have you considered welcoming the future of learning with a fresh perspective? This article uncovered the benefits of eBooks, which offer a user-friendly, interactive, and accessible way to understand and remember important information. We hope you appreciated the insights and will enjoy reading eBooks in a new light! Stay tuned for our next article, where we will explore " A Guide to Types of Ebooks, Ebook Readers, and DRM."

Life Events remains your trusted partner as technology advances the opportunities for learning and sharing information in new ways. Our commitment to innovation and a transformative approach to health education sets us apart. Learn more about Life Events' library of maternity print books, eBooks, and apps on our solutions page, or get in touch if you're interested in custom-branded eBook library solutions. Experience the difference with Life Events, where innovation meets education and where the future of health information is not just digital but also incredibly accessible and enriching.

#FutureOfLearning #MaternityEbooks #DigitalHealth #PatientEducation #EHealthLibrary #InteractiveLearning #HealthLiteracy #KnowledgeSharing #LifeEventsInc

Sources

[3] Commercial Waste. “E-Readers vs Books: Which Are Better for the Environment? ♻CW,” May 31, 2022. https://commercialwaste.trade/e-readers-vs-books-better-environment/.

“Ebook.” In Wikipedia, December 28, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ebook&oldid=1192230393.

Statista. “E-Book Unit Sales in the U.S. 2020.” Accessed January 1, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/426799/e-book-unit-sales-usa/.

Faverio, Michelle, and Andrew Perrin. “Three-in-Ten Americans Now Read e-Books.” Pew Research Center (blog). Accessed January 1, 2024. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/01/06/three-in-ten-americans-now-read-e-books/.

University of Johannesburg. “UJ the University of Johannesburg Gauteng South Africa.” Accessed January 1, 2024. https://uj.ac.za.libguides.com/UJeBooks/formats.

Simple Solutions for Breastfeeding Challenges

Mon, 01 Apr 2024 11:16:13 -0400

Navigating breastfeeding can feel like an emotional rollercoaster for new parents, filled with moments of joy, bonding, and sometimes, challenges. Decisions you make during difficult moments can impact your breastfeeding story. Rest assured—with proper guidance, you can succeed and overcome challenges. Ensuring a healthy development path for your baby while taking care of your own well-being are two of the most essential priorities in the early weeks.

Are you ready to master the art of breastfeeding? I've got an exciting offer that you will want to grab. I'll reveal a limited-time offer on our most popular breastfeeding eBook in a few moments. But first, let me share a bit more about overcoming breastfeeding challenges before they happen!

Meet Laura, an expectant mother who is soaking up every bit of information she can. Awaiting her baby's arrival, she's been like a sponge, reading books and researching the best for her little one, who is due any day now. Committed to giving her baby the best start, Laura has decided to exclusively breastfeed. She has invested in the latest breastfeeding gadgets and equipment to make this process smoother. Amidst this all, she paints a beautiful mental image of the countless moments she will share breastfeeding and bonding with her baby.

However, reality turned out to be far more challenging. After bringing baby home from the hospital, Laura faced issues with a low milk supply. As panic set in, she questioned her abilities as a mother. She felt overwhelmed and wondered what had gone wrong—after all—she had everything planned out so well!

Laura reached out for help from a lactation consultant. With their support and expertise, she learned that low milk supply can sometimes be caused by various factors. Some are within a person's control, like feeding frequency, to help build a good milk supply. However, some factors, such as hormonal imbalances, are beyond a person's control. In the end, Laura's story has a positive outcome thanks to a supportive partner and family encouraging her to seek help. She acted quickly, and a lactation consultant was able to work closely with her and implement changes to increase her milk supply.Some are within a person's control, like feeding frequency, to help build a good milk supply. However, some factors, such as hormonal imbalances, are beyond a person's control. In the end, Laura's story has a positive outcome thanks to a supportive partner and family encouraging her to seek help. She acted quickly, and a lactation consultant was able to work closely with her and implement changes to increase her milk supply.

Remember, each story is different, and we hope to help you confidently embrace yours. Here are some common challenges breastfeeding parents experience at some point during their journey.

Milk Supply: Oversupply and Low Supply

An imbalance in milk supply, whether can significantly impact the breastfeeding experience. Oversupply can lead to issues such as mastitis, clogged ducts, and discomfort for both the mother and baby. On the other hand, low supply can stress mothers over their baby's nutritional intake. Key to managing these challenges is seeking lactation help to ensure the baby is getting enough milk and thriving. Both of these issues can have positive outcomes for you and your baby. However, knowing the signs and getting help immediately if you suspect a problem is crucial.

Sore Nipples

Breastfeeding is a new skill for baby, and maybe for you, too. So, you can expect an adjustment period. Nipple pain peaks around the first few days and should gradually lessen. Soreness is common but should not be a persistent issue. Practical strategies to alleviate soreness include:

Using different breastfeeding positions.
Ensuring proper latch. A good rule of thumb is—if it hurts, remove the baby from the breast, and try latching again.
Applying nipple creams or expressed milk to the affected area and letting them air-dry for a few minutes after feeding.

Learn the warning signs: persistent pain, cracking, or bleeding should prompt seeking medical advice to prevent infections.

Engorgement

Breast engorgement is characterized by swollen, tender breasts filled with milk. It occurs during the early days of breastfeeding as the milk comes in. Management of this early fullness is, you guessed it, frequent breastfeeding. It's important to remember unresolved engorgement can damage your milk supply and put you at a greater risk for infection. Some preventive measures include:

frequent breastfeeding
proper latching
use a variety of breastfeeding positions
avoiding sudden weaning

Milk Supply Tip

If you'll be away from your baby during a regular feeding time, express your breast milk and save it to feed your baby later. This prevention tip helps reduce the chances of engorgement and keeps milk flowing through the breasts, which is needed to build a good milk supply in the early weeks.

Plugged (or blocked) Ducts

A plugged duct can occur when a milk duct in the breast becomes blocked, preventing milk flow. How does one become blocked? It can be caused by a host of things like engorgement, skipped feedings or expression, improper latch, poorly fitting bras, stress, fatigue, or prior breast surgery. Symptoms of plugged ducts may include:

a firm lump or tender spot in the breast
redness or warmth in the affected area
pain or discomfort while breastfeeding or touching the breast

Keeping to a regular feeding schedule, making sure milk is removed effectively, and applying gentle pressure or massage to the area while feeding can help. A plugged duct can lead to more severe complications, like mastitis if left untreated. If you notice signs of, be sure to seek medical help right away.

Mastitis

A primary cause of mastitis is often a milk duct becoming blocked and not properly draining. Bacteria can grow in the trapped milk, leading to infection.Mastitis is a breast tissue infection causing intense swelling, redness, and pain, commonly seen in breastfeeding women. However, it can occur in non-breastfeeding women and men too. It can also cause fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. While mild cases of mastitis may resolve on their own, more severe cases may require medical intervention to prevent complications and ensure a speedy recovery.

If you suspect you have mastitis, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional. They may prescribe antibiotics to help clear the infection. Meanwhile use these tips:

gentle massage while feeding
cold compresses after feeding to reduce swelling
continue to breastfeed or pump to help clear the blockage and ease the symptoms

Thankfully, even when severe, mastitis doesn't impact the quality of your milk and is not contagious. That means you can and should continue breastfeeding your baby and/or storing the breast milk if you are pumping.

Breastfeeding When You Are Sick

Becoming sick or feeling ill is bound to happen at some time during your breastfeeding journey. Did you know that by the time you show any symptoms, your baby has already been exposed? So, there's no need to worry about how you'll continue to feed your baby. Breastfeeding is generally safe and can continue with precautions, such as wearing a mask if respiratory symptoms are present. The antibodies produced during illness can protect the baby. Remember to wash your hands, stay hydrated, eat well, and feed your baby or express milk on the same schedule as usual. These tips are critical to avoid affecting the milk supply.

Breast Milk and Medications

Care must be taken when consuming medications during breastfeeding, as substances can pass into breast milk. Over-the-counter medications should be short-acting and timed around breastfeeding sessions. Always speak with your healthcare provider about medication safety and remind them you are breastfeeding. They can discuss any alternative medications or treatments with less risk to your baby while you are breastfeeding. Remember, vitamins and herbs should be treated with the same caution: let your doctor confirm they're safe for you and won't affect the baby.

Influence of Drugs and Alcohol on Breastfeeding

To ensure a baby's healthy development, avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs while breastfeeding. All of these substances can diminish a parent's ability to care for their child. If you are struggling with an addiction, please seek professional help! Drinking alcohol can affect an infant's growth and sleep patterns. Smoking, even secondhand smoke, increases health risks for both you and baby. The use of marijuana or other illicit drugs can impair development and lead to withdrawal symptoms in infants.

Certified Lactation Consultants: Do I really Need One?

Certified Lactation Consultants are trained and accredited professionals specializing in breastfeeding support. It's worth noting that there are various types, each having different training and experience levels:

International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLC)
Certified Lactation Consultants (CLC)
Certified Lactation Specialists (CLS)
Certified Lactation Educators (CLE)
Peer Educators

Lactation consultants work in hospitals, collaborating with nursing staff to provide in-hospital breastfeeding support. Many also work in pediatric offices and clinics, and some operate private practices. These professionals are specifically trained in breastfeeding, its potential complications, and overall nursing health.

Getting help from a lactation consultant can be great for many reasons. They can assist you in latching your baby correctly, ensuring baby is getting enough milk, and helping you overcome breastfeeding challenges. Given their extensive training, Certified Lactation Consultants can offer evidence-based guidance and emotional support during what can be a stressful time. They aim to make every family feel safe, supported, and confident about feeding their child.

Breastfeeding Tip

Include on your birth plan that you'd like to work with a lactation consultant during your hospital stay. It's a great idea to communicate your preferences with your nurse, as it can help ensure you receive additional care and support for breastfeeding once your baby is born.

Grab Your 30% Off eBooks Deal

Coupon Code: SAVE30-BFSolutions

Whether you're preparing for or currently on your breastfeeding journey, ensure success with our comprehensive eBook, All About Breastfeeding! Discover expert guidance, tips, and solutions tailored to your needs. Plus, for a limited time, enjoy 30% off your purchase of this eBook! Equip yourself with the knowledge and support you need – invest in your breastfeeding journey today!

Final Thoughts

To sum it up, we hope this article on breastfeeding challenges has provided you with helpful information about how to best care for your breast during breastfeeding. Even though it's a natural process, breastfeeding may sometimes come with difficulties that require immediate attention and support. Not all problems can be avoided. However, being aware of potential issues and responding promptly is crucial. Guidance from a lactation consultant or healthcare professional can transform breastfeeding into a rewarding experience for you and your baby, despite any challenges you might face.

Remember, you matter, too. Don't be too hard on yourself—never stop learning and exploring new ideas. Embarking on any journey that helps us become a better version of ourselves is always worthwhile.

#BreastfeedingTips #BreastfeedingProblems #BreastfeedingPainRelief #BlockedMilkDucts #NippleSoreness

#AllAboutBreastfeeding #LifeEventsInc

Daily Positive Affirmations: Do They Improve Pregnancy and Childbirth Outcomes?

Tue, 12 Dec 2023 13:20:00 -0500

Have you ever tried using positive affirmations in your daily routine? Private pep talks to one's self can feel a little awkward at first. But there's a reasonable amount of neuroscience to prove they work!

Pregnancy and giving birth are important moments in life, often accompanied by a range of emotional and physical challenges. Healthcare professionals are vital in supporting expectant parents on this journey. There's a growing interest in using positive affirmations to enhance mental well-being and potentially improve birth outcomes. This article explores evidence-based research and provides practical tips for implementation.

Complimentary Download

Before you continue, we invite you to download a complimentary printable affirmations page. These six science-based affirmations will help develop inner peace and enhance well-being. Use it yourself and feel free to share it with your clients. Get your copy at the following link: Free Childbirth Affirmations.

What are positive affirmations?

Positive affirmations are positive phrases or statements individuals repeat to themselves to challenge and eliminate negative or unhelpful thoughts. Effective affirmations often start in the present tense and are simple, brief, and specific. They can be used to manifest goals or to promote a positive mindset. Research has shown that practicing positive affirmations can lead to many benefits, including decreased stress levels, improved overall health, and increased well-being. Some examples of positive affirmations include "I am confident," "I am happy and grateful," and "My efforts help me succeed."1

The Science: How They Work

Several studies have explored the effects of positive affirmations on pregnancy-related anxiety and well-being. For example, one study found that using self-affirmation and positive visual imagery significantly reduced anxiety in third-trimester pregnant women during the pandemic.2 Another study showed that a program combining self-empowerment, affirmation, and relaxation (the Self-EAR program) was effective in helping new mothers overcome postpartum blues.3

So, how do these affirmations bring about change? The answer is their ability to stimulate specific brain areas related to self-perception and pleasure. Studies have shown that positive self-talk activates a part of the brain that makes one feel good about oneself and another area associated with feeling rewarded. This stimulation can help shift one's mindset, fostering a more positive self-image and reducing the impact of negative thoughts and feelings. It's even more powerful when individuals focus on the future. It's like giving your brain a boost of positivity for a happier and healthier mindset. Understanding how affirmations work gives us important insights into how positive thoughts can make a big difference in mental well-being and improve health outcomes.1

Using Affirmations for Childbirth

Researchers have also looked at using positive words during childbirth. A study published in NCBI showed that when encouraging words are offered, it helps women stay focused during childbirth. This support could potentially contribute to a more positive experience.4 Another study found that positive affirmations were associated with reduced anxiety and a shorter second stage of labor.5

Implications for Healthcare Professionals

The evidence suggests that positive affirmations may benefit pregnant women's mental well-being and their childbirth experiences. Healthcare professionals can play a vital role in integrating positive affirmations into their care practices. Ideas for implementation can include educating expectant parents about the potential benefits of positive affirmations and incorporating them into prenatal education programs and birth preparation classes. Additionally, healthcare professionals can offer guidance on effectively practicing positive affirmations, such as using affirmation cards, guided imagery, or meditation.

Offering clients access to an app with evidence-based education and affirmation tools, such as A Mindful Minute, included in the Expecting Plus app, can help clients learn how to use affirmations and integrate them into their daily routine, ultimately improving their wellness. To explore the benefits of this app, visit Life Events Inc.

Common Questions About Affirmations

If you're new to positive affirmations and their transformative benefits, you may have questions about getting started. Here are some frequently asked questions about the topic.

When is the best time to practice positive affirmations?

Ultimately, the most effective time to practice positive affirmations is when it feels natural and impactful for you. Consider establishing a daily routine, such as incorporating affirmations into your morning dressing routine or before bedtime. Additionally, during moments of stress or anxiety, taking a brief pause for a positive affirmation can help reshape your mindset and alleviate stress levels.

Do I need to practice them daily?

Positive changes in mindset and self-perception often occur gradually over time. Consistent daily practice fosters a cumulative effect, contributing to sustained improvements in well-being. You may find that a few times a week works well for your needs, and that's okay, too. The key is discovering a routine that suits you and seamlessly integrating self-affirmation into your life.

Can I use the same affirmation every day?

Certainly, you can repeat the same affirmation daily if it continues to resonate positively with you. As your goals and circumstances evolve, you may find certain affirmations becoming more or less relevant. Feel free to adapt, modify, or introduce new affirmations based on your needs.

Should I say affirmations out loud or silently?

Both approaches can be effective, and your choice depends on personal comfort.

Out Loud:

Pros: Engages both auditory and vocal senses, reinforcing the message.

Cons: Impractical in some public or shared spaces.

Silently:

Pros: It can be practiced anywhere without drawing attention.

Cons: Some may find it less engaging without the auditory component.

What if I feel silly?

Feeling awkward during affirmation practice is normal, especially when it's a new activity. Overcoming this feeling is part of the process. Be patient, focus on the benefits, and allow the practice to evolve naturally. You'll discover the method that works best for you.

Creating Your Own Affirmations

Crafting affirmations involves creating positive and empowering statements aligned with your goals.

Utilize these techniques:

Use positive language, such as "I am" statements.
Phrase them in the present tense, as if the change has already occurred.
Be specific, clear, and concise.
Keep them achievable and believable. It's okay to start small.
Adapt them as your goals or circumstances evolve.

Here are a few examples to inspire you:

I am confident, capable, and strong.
I attract positive energy and abundance into my life.
I am worthy of love and treat myself with kindness.
My possibilities are endless, and I create my own success.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the research on positive affirmations in the context of pregnancy and childbirth is promising. While further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms and potential impact of affirmations fully, the existing evidence suggests they can be a valuable tool for promoting mental well-being and potentially improving birth outcomes. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to explore the integration of positive affirmations into their practice to support expectant families through this transformative period.

Sources

1. Cascio, Christopher N., Matthew Brook O’Donnell, Francis J. Tinney, Matthew D. Lieberman, Shelley E. Taylor, Victor J. Strecher, and Emily B. Falk. “Self-Affirmation Activates Brain Systems Associated with Self-Related Processing and Reward and Is Reinforced by Future Orientation.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 621–29. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv136.

2. Rizki, Lailatul Khusnul, Nur Masruroh, and Esty Puji Rahayu. “Effects of Self-Affirmation and Positive Visualization Therapy for Anxiety in 3rd-Trimester Pregnant Women during the Pandemic.” Bali Medical Journal 12, no. 3 (September 21, 2023): 2797–2800. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4378.

3. Thitipitchayanant, Krittipitch, Ratana Somrongthong, Ramesh Kumar, and Naowarat Kanchanakharn. “Effectiveness of Self-Empowerment-Affirmation-Relaxation (Self-EAR) Program for Postpartum Blues Mothers: A Randomize Controlled Trial.” Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 34, no. 6 (2018): 1488–93. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.346.15986.

4. Lunda, Petronellah, Catharina Susanna Minnie, and Petronella Benadé. “Women’s Experiences of Continuous Support during Childbirth: A Meta-Synthesis.” BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 18 (May 15, 2018): 167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1755-8.

5. Rahayu, Esty Puji, and Lailatul Khusnul Rizki. “The Effect of Positive Affirmations to Anxiety Level and 2nd Stage of Labor Length.” STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 900–905. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.398.

Prematurity Awareness Month

Mon, 22 Nov 2021 13:20:00 -0500

Neonatology, one of the youngest fields in medicine, has come a long way from the early days of homemade incubators with babies on display at the 1896 World’s Fair. Up until the 1950s, the majority of babies born prematurely received little to no medical intervention and were unlikely to live. But NICU practices have changed dramatically in the last 50 years. Present-day technology and evidence-based research have drastically improved preterm infants’ chances of survival and quality of life.

Yet we still have a lot of work to do to decrease prematurity. Each year about 380,000 babies are born prematurely in the United States. This is a preterm birth rate of 10%, and it reaches as high as 15% in some cities, with large disparities between socioeconomic backgrounds and ethnicities. The preterm birth rate among black women in the United States, for example, is 50% higher than all other women. We need to do better for mothers and their babies!

Impacts of Preterm Birth

Although infants born very prematurely now have increased survival rates, preterm birth and low birth weight still account for 17% of infant deaths, according to the CDC. Complications from preterm birth remain the number one cause of death in babies in the United States.

Premature birth not only affects infants and their families, but society as well. Its estimated societal cost is $26.2 billion annually, which includes maternal care and delivery, NICU care, early intervention, special education, and lost work and pay for people born prematurely. But the future of NICU care is promising: it will enable even very premature infants to survive with fewer long-term chronic conditions and a better quality of life, as well as decreasing the financial burden on families and society.

Advances in Neonatal Care

Fortunately, evidenced-based research has changed the way we care for our littlest patients. And over the years, medical advances have contributed greatly to increased survival rates and better outcomes in premature infants. These advances include changes to care models that allow for more family involvement, improved respiratory management and equipment, such as high-frequency ventilators, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), inhaled nitric oxide, and the introduction of surfactant; modernized isolettes like the Giraffe OmniBed Carestation; antenatal steroids, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), total body cooling, and many others.

Family-centered Care

When NICUs were first formed, there was very little family involvement in daily care. Research has since shown that optimal health outcomes are achieved when patients' families provide social, emotional, and developmental support. Family-centered care (FCC) is the concept that parents are an essential part of the infant’s team, working in partnership with healthcare providers in shared decision making. Today most NICUs encourage parents to be involved.

Inclusion in decision making and participation in rounds and care helps parents cope with the separation from their infant and the stress of the NICU. Parents are provided the opportunity for as much hands-on care as developmentally possible through healing touch, skin-to-skin, and positive oral feeding experiences. Family-centered care has been shown to shorten the length of the hospital stay, enhance breastfeeding outcomes, boost parental confidence, and decrease the risk for readmission.

Developmentally Supportive Care

Cluster care, developmentally supportive cue-based care, and small-baby protocols benefit premature babies immensely. Attention to lighting, sleep-wake cycles, noise levels, and developmental positioning and handling all help to preserve sleep and reduce stress in order to maximize positive outcomes. Today infants born as early as 22 weeks are surviving, and with fewer chronic conditions than before. Infants treated according to small-baby protocols require shorter hospital stays and are less likely to experience intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Better Treatment for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

BPD continues to be a major issue in preterm infants, with estimates of 10,000–15,000 new cases per year in the United States. The National Institutes of Health Neonatal Research Network suggests that severe BPD develops in about 16% of babies born at less than 32 weeks. Infants with severe BPD have complicated clinical courses, which may include prolonged need for respiratory support (including ventilators and tracheostomy), recurrent pneumonia and respiratory exacerbations, pulmonary hypertension, and neurodevelopmental problems.

The BPD Collaborative was formed to share knowledge across hospital systems to improve care and outcomes with severe BPD. Nationwide Children’s Hospital now uses a hybrid care model that focuses on intensive therapy, including advanced ventilator settings shown to increase survival rates. Emphasis is placed on neurodevelopment by comforting babies through massage, music, speech, and physical therapies, along with FCC. Data collected by the BPD Collaborative, as well as the program at Nationwide, will help to standardize practice of care for BPD, leading to higher survival rates and lowering the risk of chronic respiratory conditions and their sequelae.

Combating Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has long plagued the NICU as a leading cause of infant mortality. Exciting new research is being conducted by the NEC Society Biorepository, directed by Dr. Misty Good, with participating centers throughout the United States. This biorepository includes samples of blood, urine, stool, gastric contents, DNA, breast milk, and intestine from infants with NEC. It also includes specimens from infants who did not develop NEC but had part of their intestine removed for other purposes, such as a volvulus, reanastamosis, or spontaneous intestinal perforation.

A recent comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures in small and large intestinal epithelial cells found that in cases of severe NEC, DNA methylation in intestinal epithelial cells significantly increased, which may eventually be used to diagnose infants with NEC. The NEC Society Biorepository’s goal is to develop a biomarker or genetic test to predict a baby’s risk of developing NEC, and to offer preventive strategies as well as effective treatment.

Benefits of Breast Milk

Increased NICU use of exclusive breast milk and human donor milk in recent years has dramatically improved the health of premature infants. Benefits include significant reduction in NEC; reduced feeding intolerance and use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN); reduced incidence of late-onset sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia; improved weight gain; and decreased length of hospital stays. For each milliliter of maternal human milk provided in the first 14 days of life, it is estimated that $534 is saved from reduced morbidities like NEC.

According to the Human Milk Banking Association of North America (HMBANA), the distribution of pasteurized donor milk has increased sevenfold since 2000. Human donor milk, in absence of maternal breast milk, is now a standard of care in approximately 90% of the level 3 and 4 NICUs across the United States. Its use greatly reduces the cost of care for premature infants, at a savings of about $15,750 per day. Babies are also spending as much as 9 fewer days on TPN, and going home to their families sooner. Nurses play a vital role in educating mothers on the benefits of breastmilk for their premature infants.

Total Body Cooling

Total body cooling for infants born with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) can have impressive effects on long-term outcomes, reducing death and certain disabilities by more than 10%. The baby's core temperature is lowered to 33.5 degrees Celsius for 72 hours and then slowly warmed up. Total body cooling is currently recommended for babies 35 weeks and older with moderate to severe HIE; however, research is being conducted to see whether babies with mild HIE or premature infants will also benefit from cooling.

Raising Awareness and Educating Parents

November is Prematurity Awareness Month, as during this time the March of Dimes brings attention to the global crisis of premature birth. The best prevention is awareness, prenatal care, and education.

Life Events has an evidence-based, interactive patient education program for parents with a baby in the NICU. The program provides the A Little Early printed book and an app to help parents learn about the NICU environment, how they can actively participate in their baby's care, and how to care for their infant after going home from the hospital.

Every baby deserves a fair chance at starting out as a healthy full-term newborn. Urgent action is needed to end the crisis of preterm birth, not just during Prematurity Awareness Month, but every day. A special thank you to NICU nurses, who take care of premature babies and stand by their families—it takes a very special person to be a NICU nurse, and we appreciate you!

Bibliography

‘2020 March of Dimes Report Card’. March of Dimes, 2020. https://www.marchofdimes.org/materials/US_REPORTCARD_FINAL_2020.pdf.

Blakemore, Erin. ‘Baby Incubators: From Boardwalk Sideshow to Medical Marvel’. HISTORY. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://www.history.com/news/baby-incubators-boardwalk-sideshows-medical-marvels.

CDC. ‘Premature Birth’. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 November 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/features/premature-birth/index.html.

Gephart, Sheila M., and Megan Quinn. ‘A Call to Action to Fight for Equity and End Necrotizing Enterocolitis Disparities’. Advances in Neonatal Care 21, no. 5 (October 2021): 333–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANC.0000000000000940.

Goldstein, Mitchell. ‘Human Donor Milk: How the Risks to Infants Have Changed’. Neonatology Today 15, no. 11 (20 November 2020): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.51362/neonatology.today/20201115111116.

Gooding, Judith S., Liza G. Cooper, Arianna I. Blaine, Linda S. Franck, Jennifer L. Howse, and Scott D. Berns. ‘Family Support and Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Origins, Advances, Impact’. Seminars in Perinatology 35, no. 1 (February 2011): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2010.10.004.

NEC Society. ‘NEC Society Biorepository’. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://necsociety.org/necbiorepository/.

‘Severe BPD Ventilator Strategies: A Quick Guide’. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://cloud.e.nationwidechildrens.org/bpd.

‘Small Baby Program’. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/small-baby-program.

‘The Impact of Premature Birth on Society’. Accessed 22 November 2021. https://www.marchofdimes.org/mission/the-economic-and-societal-costs.aspx.